This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

Chae (P) was a subject of the emperor of China and resided in San Francisco from 1875 until 1887 when he left for China. When P left for China, he had a certificate entitling him to return to the U.S. When he returned in 1888, he was refused entry based on the fact that Congress had abrogated the certificates in his absence. P sued. The Supreme Court granted review.

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