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The Interior Department reclassified vast tracts of land that opened the land to development including mining. NWF (P) alleged that Interior had violated the NEPA and APA and certain land management statutes. P argued that the withdrawals violated provisions of the NEPA and the APA requiring mandatory procedures for agency action. To establish standing, P relied primarily on affidavits from two members who asserted they had visited places in the vicinity of the areas that two of the 1250 Interior land decisions had affected. The Government eventually filed a summary judgment motion on grounds of standing. The circuit court dismissed the action. The D.C. Circuit reversed and issued a preliminary injunction for reclassification. The Supreme Court granted review.

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