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This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), contains a series of amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA). Title I is Congress' effort to plug the soft-money loophole. The cornerstone of Title I is new FECA §323(a), which prohibits national party committees and their agents from soliciting, receiving, directing, or spending any soft money. 2 U. S. C. A. §441i(a) (Supp. 2003). In short, §323(a) takes national parties out of the soft-money business. Once passed, eleven law-suits were filed challenging the new statutes. All the results from the D.C. Circuit were consolidated, and the Supreme Court granted certiorari.

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