This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

A Virginia jury convicted Mickens (D) of the premeditated murder of Timothy Hall during or following the commission of an attempted forcible sodomy. D was sentenced to death. D filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus alleging, inter alia, that he was denied effective assistance of counsel because one of his court-appointed attorneys had a conflict of interest at trial. Federal habeas counsel had discovered that D's lead trial attorney, Bryan Saunders, was representing Hall (the victim) on assault and concealed-weapons charges at the time of the murder. Saunders had been appointed to represent Hall, a juvenile, on March 20, 1992, and had met with him once for 15 to 30 minutes sometime the following week. Hall's body was discovered on March 30, 1992, and four days later a juvenile court judge dismissed the charges against him, noting on the docket sheet that Hall was deceased. The one-page docket sheet also listed Saunders as Hall's counsel. On April 6, 1992, the same judge appointed Saunders to represent D. Saunders did not disclose to the court, his co-counsel, or petitioner that he had previously represented Hall. Under Virginia law, juvenile case files are confidential and may not generally be disclosed without a court order, but D learned about Saunders' prior representation when a clerk mistakenly produced Hall's file to federal habeas counsel. The habeas petition was denied. The Court of Appeals assumed that the juvenile court judge had neglected a duty to inquire into a potential conflict, but rejected D's argument that this failure either mandated automatic reversal of his conviction or relieved him of the burden of showing that a conflict of interest adversely affected his representation. The court held that a defendant must show 'both an actual conflict of interest and an adverse effect even if the trial court failed to inquire into a potential conflict about which it reasonably should have known.' Concluding that D had not demonstrated adverse effect, it affirmed the District Court's denial of habeas relief.

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