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Robinson (D) was arrested 500 nautical miles off the coast of the United States, in a Panamanian vessel. The ship's master allowed the US Coast Guard to board the ship and look around. The officers became suspicious, and with Panama's permission, the searched the vessel. They found 20 tons of marijuana. D was charged under a United States statute with the prohibited drug activity within the customs waters of the United States. D was convicted and he appealed.

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