This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

William Ayala, Jr.'s (P) arm was caught in a shredding machine during an upholstery class at the Carrol School in Philadelphia. The boy was 15, and his arm had to be amputated. P sued the Philadelphia Board of Public Education (D) to recover damages for the negligence of D's employees for failing to supervise the class, supplying the machine without proper safety devices, maintaining the machine in a defective and dangerous condition, and failing to warn the children of possible danger. D claimed governmental immunity from liability for torts. Both the lower court and superior court held for D. P appealed.

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