This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

Walker (D) escaped from an Arkansas prison. Four years later the governor of California issued a warrant for the arrest D under a request from the governor of Arkansas that D be extradited. D was arrested and filed a petition for habeas corpus. The Supreme Court of California issued a writ of habeas corpus directing the sheriff who arrested D to hold a hearing to determine if the prison that Arkansas planned to confine D in was in conformance with the eighth amendment requirements. Pacileo (P), the sheriff, petitioned the United States Supreme Court claiming that California had no authority to inquire into the prison conditions in Arkansas.

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