This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

Miranda owned a butcher shop. He borrowed money from Perez (D), who was a loan shark. Miranda was unable to keep up with his payments. D threatened Miranda and his family and suggested that he should sell drugs to pay back the money. D was convicted of loan sharking under the federal Consumer Credit Protection Act. D appealed, claiming that his activity was too local in character to justify regulation by the federal government. The United States (P) claimed that it had the power to regulate loan sharking because it affected organized crime nationally.

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