This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

Records from the Communist Party of Denver were necessary to assist a grand jury. The grand jury subpoenaed Rogers (D), the Treasurer of this Party. D stated that she did not have the records, but had given them to another. D refused to name this other person, asserting the privilege against self-incrimination. The district judge found her guilty of contempt. The Court of the Appeals affirmed. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari.

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