This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

Ps brought a facial constitutional challenge under the general federal question statute, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1331 (1982), to the authority of D to initiate and prosecute a complaint against them. Ps also have nonconstitutional (or statutory) defenses to the D complaint, which they are currently asserting before an ALJ in an ongoing administrative proceeding.

The legal issues presented in this case will be displayed here.

The court's holding and decision will be displayed here.

Legal analysis from Dean's Law Dictionary will be displayed here.