This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

Ds were indicted for conspiring to obtain minority enterprise contracts from the Post Office by establishing corporations with a nonparticipating minority person listed as the figurehead president. All Ds were found guilty. Stumpf (D) claims that her duties in the corporations were purely clerical and her participation in the conspiracy was not knowing and affirmative and appealed. D also claims that confusion was generated by giving both aiding and abetting instructions along with conspiracy instructions.

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