This section contains the nature of the case and procedural background.

A DEA agent, Starratt, got a call from a person who identified himself as Chip. The caller told the agent that Petrulla wanted DEA agent Story to obtain another boat. Based on this conversation, Starratt identified Loye (D) as the telephone participant. The conversation was not recorded. Starratt never met Chip and never made any voice comparison with Loye. The only way Starratt could identify the caller was through the caller's self-identification. D objected to the introduction of this evidence at trial as inadmissible because it was not authenticated. D appealed.

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